Hormonal Evaluation

ACC overview

Hormonal evaluation in ACC is most practical when divided into the baseline adrenal workup for a suspicious mass, expanded steroid precursor and multisteroid profiling, and syndrome-specific testing for uncommon functional phenotypes.¹²³

Diagnostic Map

Baseline Endocrine Workup for Suspected ACC

These papers cover the core hormone panel for an adrenal mass when ACC is possible, including cortisol autonomy, androgen excess, and exclusion of pheochromocytoma before intervention.¹²³

Grouped note: Baseline Endocrine Workup for Suspected ACC

Steroid Precursor and Multisteroid Profiling in ACC

This cluster follows the shift from single-analyte testing to urinary or plasma steroid signatures, precursor excess, and mass-spectrometry-based profiling.¹²³

Grouped note: Steroid Precursor and Multisteroid Profiling in ACC

Context-Specific Hormonal Syndromes in ACC

These reports focus on aldosterone-, estrogen-, or other atypical secretory states that require tailored biochemical interpretation.¹²³

Grouped note: Context-Specific Hormonal Syndromes in ACC

How to Read This Literature

The grouped notes below move from mandatory triage testing to the more specialized biochemical tools that refine diagnosis and tumor biology.¹²³

See Also

• clinical_presentation
• initial_diagnostic_workflow
• precision_medicine_and_biomarker_development

References

Footnotes

1. Adrenocortical carcinomas and malignant phaeochromocytomas: ESMO-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2020. PMID: 32861807. Local full text: 32861807.md ↩ ↩² ↩³ ↩⁴ ↩⁵

2. Adrenocortical carcinoma: a practical guide for clinicians. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2025. PMID: 40086465. Local full text: 40086465.md ↩ ↩² ↩³ ↩⁴ ↩⁵

3. Management of cushing’s syndrome in patients with adrenocortical cancer: state of the art and future perspectives. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2025. PMID: 40736645. Local full text: 40736645.md ↩ ↩² ↩³ ↩⁴ ↩⁵