Preclinical and Translational Models

ACC overview

ACC model-system work is easiest to read when cell lines, xenografts and organoid-like systems, and computational target-discovery studies are separated from critiques of model fidelity.¹²³

Research Map

ACC Cell Lines and Drug-Screening Models

These studies center on H295R and related in vitro systems used for steroidogenesis experiments, mechanistic work, and early drug screening.¹²³

Grouped note: ACC Cell Lines and Drug-Screening Models

Xenografts, Organoids, and In Vivo Models of ACC

This cluster follows xenografts, organoid-like platforms, zebrafish, and other in vivo or ex vivo systems designed to better capture tumor architecture.¹²³

Grouped note: Xenografts, Organoids, and In Vivo Models of ACC

Computational Models and Target Discovery in ACC

These studies use bioinformatics, network analysis, and other computational approaches to nominate targets and define candidate therapeutic pathways.¹²³

Grouped note: Computational Models and Target Discovery in ACC

Limits of Current Translational Models in ACC

This note groups the literature that questions how well current models represent tumor heterogeneity, endocrine behavior, and metastatic evolution.¹²³

Grouped note: Limits of Current Translational Models in ACC

How to Read This Literature

The grouped notes below distinguish what each model is actually good for, which matters because many ACC systems reproduce only part of the disease.¹²³

See Also

• molecular_biology_and_tumor_evolution
• targeted_therapy
• precision_medicine_and_biomarker_development

References

Footnotes

1. Transmembrane potentials and steroidogenesis in normal and neoplastic human adrenocortical tissue.. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1975. PMID: 170296. Local full text: 170296.md ↩ ↩² ↩³ ↩⁴ ↩⁵ ↩⁶

2. Cyclic AMP response of isolated Snell adrenocortical carcinoma 494 cells to trophic hormones and other substances.. Endocr Res Commun. 1975. PMID: 172310. Local full text: 172310.md ↩ ↩² ↩³ ↩⁴ ↩⁵ ↩⁶

3. Pregnenolone biosynthesis in isolated cells of Snell rat adrenocortical carcinoma 494.. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1978. PMID: 216596. Local full text: 216596.md ↩ ↩² ↩³ ↩⁴ ↩⁵ ↩⁶